| 单词 | specialization |
| 释义 | specialization Concentration on providing particular types of goods and services, and relying on others to provide what one does not produce. This occurs at all levels: individuals acquire particular skills or professional qualifications; firms concentrate on particular industries; districts, regions, or whole countries specialize in particular activities. Specialization may be total or partial. With total specialization, most activities are not carried on at all, and the goods and services concerned are entirely provided by others. This is very common at the individual and the firm level. With partial specialization, some but not all of particular goods and services are acquired from others. This is common at the regional and national level: many countries, for example, provide some but not all of their own food or fuel. Specialization has been a feature of all known human societies. At all levels, the division of labour allows society to benefit from differences between individuals in abilities and between areas in natural resources. It also allows the development of specific skills, through both formal training and learning by experience. Specialization carries with it the danger that an economy based on very specific skills is liable to disruption by technical progress, changes in tastes, or man-made disturbances. |
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