| 单词 | Inflation |
| 释义 | Inflation 通货膨胀 "通货膨胀指因过多货币追逐过少商品，导致商品和服务的价格持续上升的现象。引发通货膨胀的原因，可以是政府大印钞票以至货币供应大幅增加，或是对商品及服务的需求过度热络，亦可以是因为商品供应萎缩。从成因层面看通货膨胀，有许多类型。需求拉动型通货膨胀(demand-pull inflation)是由经济中的过度需求引起，而成本推动型通货膨胀(cost-push inflation)则由生产成本上升引起。维持通货膨胀率在适当水平通常是政府的首要政策目标之一，通常也是各国中央银行的首要目标。某些央行会获政府授予政策上的独立自主，以便维持通货膨胀率在某一目标水平。温和的通货膨胀是相当常见的，被认为是良性的经济现象。假如通货膨胀完全消失，经济陷入通货紧缩，这会抑制消费，因为消费者会因为预期商品将变得更便宜而延後购物。在通货紧缩的情况下,货币的购买力上升，这会令偿还现有债务变得更为困难，并会打击对信贷的需求。参见Deflation（通货紧缩）, Hyperinflation（恶性通货膨胀）, Stagflation（滞胀）。" "Inflation is a persistent rise in the prices of goods and services, caused by too much money chasing too few goods. Inflation can be caused by an increase in money supply or demand due to government spending or the printing of money, or by a contraction in the supply of goods. Different types of inflation are defined by their cause. Demand-pull inflation is caused by excess demand in the economy, while cost-push inflation is caused by increased costs of production. The rate of inflation is often a primary policy target of governments, and of central banks given policy independence to achieve a target rate. Moderate inflation is common in economies and can be regarded as relatively benign. If all inflation is removed and an economy slips into deflation it can stunt consumption because consumers postpone purchases in the knowledge that goods will become cheaper. Deflation also stunts demand for credit and makes repayment of existing debts more difficult because the value of money is increasingSee also: Deflation, Hyperinflation, Stagflation" |
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