Competition for markets using methods other than price cuts. These include quality of product, quality of advertising, information and instructions, reliability of promised delivery dates, reliability in use, and after-sales service. Non-price competition is particularly important when there are legal or cartel restrictions on price-cutting, and where consumers use price as a signal of quality and assume that cheaper goods must be nastier. Even when firms do compete on price, they frequently use non-price methods of competition as well.

• income expansion path
• income from employment
• income from self-employment
• income inequality
• income method
• income per capita
• income redistribution
• incomes and prices policy
• incomes policy
• income support
• income tax
• income velocity of circulation
• incomplete information
• incomplete markets
• increase in the book value of stocks and work in progress
• increasing function
• increasing returns to scale
• incremental capital-output ratio
• incumbent firm
• indefinite integral
• independence, central bank
• independent risks
• independent taxation of spouses
• index
• indexation