Equal treatment for comparable cases. This is contrasted with discrimination, which is differences of treatment on what are considered irrelevant grounds. In employment, for example, non-discrimination implies not choosing employees on grounds of sex, race, or religion, for positions where these grounds are not directly relevant to the duties to be performed. In international trade, non-discrimination means treating all transactions with non-nationals equally. The question of what differences are in fact irrelevant gives rise to problems: the principle of non-discrimination may conflict with actuarial evidence. In pensions, for example, it is an actuarial fact that women on average live longer than men; whether they should therefore receive lower pensions for equal contributions is the subject of controversy.

• first derivative
• first-in, first-out
• first-mover advantage
• first-order conditions
• FIS
• fiscal drag
• fiscal neutrality
• fiscal policy
• fiscal stance
• fiscal system, federal
• fiscal year
• fixed cost
• fixed exchange rate
• fixed factors
• fixed-interest security
• fixed investment
• fixprice
• flag carrier
• flag of convenience
• flexible exchange rate
• flexible prices
• flexible wages
• flexprice
• flight, capital
• flight from money