The level of real GDP which would be consistent with full employment. Whether this means an unemployment rate low enough to be socially acceptable, or the non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment (NAIRU) is ambiguous, unless one is sufficiently optimistic to believe that these unemployment rates are the same. It is difficult to say what the full employment national income would be. If unemployment is largely Keynesian in nature, due to lack of effective demand, or classical, due to excessive real wages, it may be fairly straightforward to work out what the labour force could produce if the unemployed went back to jobs similar to those they held before. Where unemployment is structural, due to mismatch between the skills and location of the unemployed and the economy's labour requirements, the unemployed require retraining before they can be employed. In this case working out how much they could eventually produce is much less simple.

• diffusion of innovations
• dilemma, prisoners'
• diminishing marginal product
• diminishing marginal rate of substitution
• diminishing marginal utility
• diminishing marginal utility of money
• diminishing marginal utility of wealth
• diminishing returns, law of
• direct investment abroad
• direct investment, foreign
• direct labour
• director
• directorates, interlocking
• direct tax
• dirigisme
• dirty floating
• discomfort index
• discount
• discounted cash flow
• discounted present value
• discount house
• discounting the future
• discount rate
• discount window
• discouraged worker