| 单词 | division of labour |
| 释义 | division of labour The system by which different members of any society do different types of work. This has two advantages: it allows individuals to specialize on types of work at which they have a comparative advantage, and it allows them to acquire specialized skills, both through training and by learning from experience on the job how to work efficiently and avoid mistakes. The division of labour in modern industrial societies is so extreme that no individual could create unaided more than a minute fraction of the goods and services he or she uses. Critics of extreme division of labour argue that over-specialization is bad for intellectual and emotional development, leading to narrow-mindedness and feelings of alienation. Some variety of tasks is therefore likely to improve overall efficiency, by increasing awareness of problems and motivation to solve them. A broader experience of different tasks also makes for more flexibility: workers can replace one another during absences due to holidays, illness, or emergencies, and find it easier to get new jobs if they lose their present ones. |
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