| 单词 | budget |
| 释义 | budget A statement of a government's planned receipts and expenditures for some future period, normally a year. This is usually accompanied by a statement of actual receipts and expenditures for the previous period. The annual budget statement in the UK is a statement of the government's financial plans made in Parliament by the Chancellor of the Exchequer. The word budget originally meant the contents of a package; the budget is so called because it brings all the government's tax and spending plans together. A budget surplus means that total government receipts exceed total spending; a budget deficit means that spending exceeds receipts; and a balanced budget means that income and spending are equal. The balanced budget multiplier is a calculation of the expected effects on national income if the government's receipts and expenditure rise by equal amounts. All calculations concerning budget surpluses and deficits depend on the exact definition of the government that is used. Items which could on some definitions be regarded as part of the budget but are in fact excluded, for example government-guaranteed borrowing by other bodies, are termed off-budget items. A related use of the term budget is the budget constraint, which says that the spending of any body, whether government, firm, or individual, is limited by what they can finance, whether from present assets, from income, or by borrowing. A budget line shows the combinations of goods which can be bought with a given sum of money. See also: balanced budget, full employment budget, and unified budget |
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