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cookie A small text file stored on an end-user’s computer (quite often without the user’s knowledge) to enable websites to identify the user. It enables a company to identify a previous visitor to a site and may be used to build up a profile of that visitor’s behaviour. In general, cookies help the user and in some cases they are essential. For example, if the user is buying a number of items online, then a cookie is necessary for the server to keep track of items from different pages placed in a ‘shopping cart’. However, their use has raised privacy concerns and the law now requires that websites provide clear information about what cookies are set and a simple method enabling users to block them if they so choose.

cooling-off period1. The 14 days that begins when a life-assurance policy, credit agreement, etc., is effected, during which new policyholders, borrowers, etc., can change their minds. During this period any policies or agreements entered into can be cancelled with a full refund of any premiums, arrangement fees, etc. co-operative1. (worker co-operative) A type of business organization sometimes adopted in labour-intensive industries, such as agriculture, and often associated with socialist systems. Agricultural co-operatives have been encouraged in the developing countries, where individual farmers are too poor to take advantage of expensive machinery and large-scale production. In this case several farms pool resources to jointly purchase and use agricultural machinery. The principle has sometimes been extended to other industries, as when factory employees arrange a worker buy-out in order to secure threatened employment. The overall management of such co-operatives is usually vested in a committee of the employee-owners. copyright The exclusive right to reproduce or authorize others to reproduce artistic, dramatic, literary, or musical works. It is conferred by the Copyright Act 1988, which also extends to sound broadcasting, cinematograph films, television broadcasts, and computer programs. In EU countries copyright lasts for the author’s lifetime plus 70 years from the end of the year of death (or from the end of the year of publication, if later); it can be assigned or transmitted on death. The principal remedies for breach of copyright (seepiracy) are an action for damages and account of profits or an injunction. It is a criminal offence to make or deal in articles that infringe a copyright.

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更新时间:2025/3/9 23:49:26