| 释义 |
Life Cycle
The course of events that brings a new product into existence and follows its growth into a mature product and into eventual critical mass and decline. The most common steps in the life cycle of a product include the following phases:
• Product Development Phase - Includes market analysis, product design, conception, and testing
• Market Introduction Phase - Initial release of the product, usually marked with high levels of advertising
• Growth Phase - Sales growth begins to accelerate, characterized with increasing sales year over year. As production levels increase, gross margins should steadily decline, making the product less profitable on a per-unit basis. An increase in competition is probable.
• Maturity Phase - The product will reach the upper bounds of its demand cycle and further spending on advertising will have little to no effect on increasing demand.
• Decline/Stability Phase - This is where a product has reached or passed its point of highest demand. At this point, demand will either remain steady or slowly decline as a newer product makes it obsolete. Investopedia Says:
It is important for investors to understand a company's product life cycle. Firms that are predominately in the development phase will likely be characterized with small levels of sales and are more speculative in nature than firms in the growth or maturity phase.
When a firm reaches the maturity stage, it does not mean that a product is no longer a growing income source for the company, as there may still be further margin improvements and innovations. Furthermore, a more mature firm with mature products may be more likely to issue dividends than firms in the other phases. Related Terms:
Absolute Physical Life
Brand Awareness
Economic Moat
First Mover
Marketing
Planned Obsolescence
Switching Costs
Value Proposition |