| 单词 | β值 |
| 释义 | β值 Beta 贝塔系数是量度股票投资系统风险的指标。所谓系统风险是指股票投资中没有办法通过分散投资来减低的风险，即是由整体经济状况和整体市场因素所造成的风险(如利率变动)，与个别公司没有直接的关系。与其相对的是非系统风险，即由个股的个别因素(如会计丑闻)所造成的风险，是可以通过分散投资来消弭掉的。金融学运用了贝塔系数来计算在一只股票上投资者可期望的合理风险回报率： 个股合理回报率 = 无风险回报率*+β×(整体股市回报率-无风险回报率) *可用基准债券的收益率代表 贝塔系数=1，代表该个股的系统风险等同大盘整体系统风险，即受整体经济因素影响的程度跟大盘一样; 贝塔系数＞1则代表该个股的系统风险高於大盘，即受整体经济因素影响的程度甚於大盘。贝塔系数越高，投资该股的系统风险越高，投资者所要求的回报率也就越高。高贝塔的股票通常属於景气循环股(cyclicals)，如地产股和耐用消费品股；低贝塔的股票亦称防御类股(defensive stocks)，其表现与经济景气的关联度较低，如食品零售业和公用事业股。个股的贝塔系数可能会随着大盘的升或跌而变动，有些股票在跌市中可能会较在升市具更高风险。 "Beta records how volatile and risky investing in an individual stock is compared with the risk of the equity market as a whole. Beta measures how much the individual stock's excess return (the amount it earns in dividends and capital gains compared with a short-term money market rate) varies in comparison with movement in the excess return of the market as a whole (usually represented by the market's benchmark index). Beta compares excess return with short-term government paper because the latter investment is regarded as risk free. If the market's excess return rises by one percent and the stock's excess return rises during the same period by the same one percent then the stock's beta is one. The higher the beta the riskier the stock, reflected in its greater required return. A stock with a beta of more than one tends to be riskier than the market. A stock with a beta of less than one is less risky. High beta stocks tend to be in cyclical sectors such as property and consumer durables. Low beta stocks, also known as defensive stocks, tend to be in non-cyclical sectors such as food retailing and public utilities. Betas for individual stocks can vary according to whether the overall market direction is upwards or downwards. A stock may be riskier in a falling market than a rising market." |
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