| 单词 | logarithmic scale |
| 释义 | logarithmic scale A scale on a diagram where distances represent the logarithm of a variable. Log scales are used particularly in diagrams with time on one, usually the horizontal, axis, and some real or nominal variable such as GDP or the price level on the vertical axis. The slope of a curve in such a diagram shows the proportional growth rate of the variable, and a constant proportional growth trend is represented by a straight line. If both axes use logarithmic scales, the slope of a curve is proportional to its elasticity. Neither zero nor negative numbers can be represented on a log scale. In both panels of Figure 19 the horizontal axis shows time, and the vertical axis shows the real GDP of an imaginary economy. Panel 1 uses a natural scale; Panel 2 uses a logarithmic scale. It is assumed that the economy has alternating booms, each lasting five years, and slumps each lasting two years. Panel 1 leads the government's apologists to argue that its growth policies are successful, as growth is greater in each successive cycle. It leads the government's critics to argue that cycles are becoming more severe, showing that the government's stabilization efforts are incompetent. Panel 2 shows that both are wrong. Growth is actually slowing down, but fluctuations are also becoming less severe. (The figures were picked to make the economy grow by 100, 90, 80 per cent, etc. in successive booms, and shrink by 10, 9, 8 per cent, etc. in successive slumps.) |
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