A currency which is convertible into other currencies, and whose price in terms of other currencies is expected to remain stable or rise. This is contrasted with a soft currency, which is not convertible into other currencies, or whose price in terms of other currencies is expected to fall. Hard currencies are attractive to hold as private stores of wealth or national foreign exchange reserves.

• incidence of taxation
• income
• income approach to GDP
• income change, compensating
• income distribution
• income effect
• income elasticity of demand
• income expansion path
• income from employment
• income from self-employment
• income inequality
• income method
• income per capita
• income redistribution
• incomes and prices policy
• incomes policy
• income support
• income tax
• income velocity of circulation
• incomplete information
• incomplete markets
• increase in the book value of stocks and work in progress
• increasing function
• increasing returns to scale
• incremental capital-output ratio