| 单词 | pension |
| 释义 | pension A specified sum paid regularly to a person who has reached a certain age or retired from employment. It is normally paid from the date of reaching the specified age or the retirement date until death. A widow may also receive a pension from the date of her husband's death. In the UK, contributory retirement pensions are usually paid by the state from the normal retirement age (currently 65 for men and 60 for women, adjusting after 2010 to 65 for both) irrespective of whether or not the pensioners have retired from full-time employment. A non-working wife or widow also receives a state pension based on her husband's contributions. Self-employed people are also required to contribute towards their pensions. Since 1978 state pensions have been augmented by the State Earnings-Related Pension Scheme (SERPS); this is now gradually being replaced by a non-earnings-related scheme. Employers can contract out of this second state pension scheme provided that they replace it with an occupational pension scheme that complies with the Social Security Act 1986. Employees may also contract out by starting their own approved personal pension scheme or, from 2001, a stakeholder pension scheme. The private sector of the insurance industry also provides a wide variety of pensions, annuities, and endowment assurances. Financial analysts predict a major pensions crisis in the mid-21st century, since demographic trends will produce an ever-growing number of people beyond retirement age drawing on insufficient state and personal provision. See also: |
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