Enumerated in 1940s by the Toyota corporation's Taiichi Ohno: waste resulting from (1) over-production ahead of demand, (2) waiting for the next processing job, (3) unnecessary movement (transport) of material, (4) over-processing of material due to poor tool or product design, (5) inventories larger than the requirement, (6) unnecessary movement of workers during work in looking for tools, parts, instructions, etc., (7) production of defective parts or products.